Christiani Wassertechnik GmbH (CWT)

Köpenicker Str. 154
10997 Berlin
Germany

fon fax email web

+49 (0)30- 23 60 77 8-0 +49 (0)30- 23 60 77 8-10 info(at)cwt-international.com www.cwt-international.com

Departments

International Sales Marketing Secretary Human Resources Web Support Logistics

sales(at)cwt-international.com marketing(at)cwt-international.com info(at)cwt-international.com personal(at)cwt-international.com webmaster(at)cwt-international.com al(at)cwt-international.com

Vulcan for private use
Private and commercial application possibilities for Vulcan


1) Washing machines and dishwashers

Almost every home has a washing machine and dishwasher. These appliances tend to scale up if appropriate measures are not taken. Thus, regeneration salt is added to dishwashers and chemicals, such as Calgon or other agents, are added to many washing machines.
Vulcan maintains the calcium carbonate in the water under normal conditions so that, generally, far less scale or no scale at all is precipitated and deposited in these machines. Very frequently, it is possible to dispense entirely with the regeneration salt on dishwashers. This results in savings in detergent of up to 50 % on washing machines and it is frequently possible to do without descaling additives entirely.

2) Sprinkler systems in Hotels

Fire department regulations prescribe the use of sprinkler systems in large rooms or for installations at risk. Such sprinkler systems are intended to extinguish a fire as early as its incipient stage. The system is generally a separate pipe system installed on the ceiling of the rooms. Sprinklers, which emit water in the event of a fire, are located at certain intervals. There are various systems. The most widespread system is the wet-pipe sprinkler system which is constantly filled with water and which is at very high pressure. Hopefully, there will always be water in these pipe systems, apart from when testing and when carrying out servicing work. This standing water frequently leads to major corrosion and scaling in the pipe system. In the case of major damage, there is a risk of a great deal of scale and rust being detached if the sprinkler system trips, thus clogging the sprinkler nozzles. Another usage for the sprinkler systems can be found in various agricultural applications as well.

Many customers successfully in such applications use Vulcan. The scale and corrosion generally disappear after only a few weeks and the pipes are provided with a protective coating.


3) Shower cubicles/valves and fittings

Many shower cubicles today are made of glass and scale makes a great mess of them. Vulcan can help here as well. When you are showering, warm or hot water strikes the body and, from there, splashes against the shower cubicle walls. These droplets evaporate very quickly and scale is left behind. In many homes, this scale is wiped off directly after showering so that no stains occur.

Using Vulcan, far less deposits occur right from the very start since the water flows away more quickly owing to the lower surface tension. In addition, it helps to rinse off the shower cubicle walls with cold water briefly after showering. Some stains may form nevertheless, but they will be more in the form of a fine calcium powder. These stains can generally be removed easily with a sponge or cloth if you do this twice per week.



4) Coffee machines

Water is heated in coffee machines. This releases calcium carbonate, which is deposited as scale in the machine. Unfortunately, it is not possible to dispense entirely with the need to de-scale the coffee machine using chemical agents in all cases on smaller machines for domestic use. This is attributable to the fact that the pipes and valves in the coffee machines are frequently very thin. When the last portion of water runs through the machine, it evaporates directly and scale is left behind. When new coffee is then made, the quantity of new water frequently does not suffice to partially dissolve the old scale since the flow velocity is too low.

Under normal conditions Vulcan is able to substantially prolong the intervals at which the coffee machine needs to be de-scaled. In the case of large industrial machines, it is frequently also the case that loose scale sludge collects at the bottom of the machine, and this can be removed simply during normal cleaning.



5) Hotels and serviced apartments

Water is consumed at many points in hotels and serviced apartments. Besides the bathroom building block modules in the rooms and the appliances in the kitchen, many hotels nowadays also have a swimming pool or sauna. Rust and scale pose a problem at many points in such installations.
Vulcan is used successfully in many hotels and catering establishments worldwide. In many such establishments, it has been clearly shown that Vulcan, besides rehabilitating the piping, also achieves substantial savings when cleaning the rooms. Cleaning is faster and far less chemical cleaning agents need to be used owing to the reduced scaling on the shower cubicles, valves and fittings and owing to the changed consistency of the scale. This not only saves money directly for chemicals but also prolongs the service life of valves, fittings and showerheads.


6) Heat exchanger

Not only influence able parameter such as the water quality and temperature in a heat exchanger, are responsible for fouling or scaling inside a heat exchanger. As well not direct influence able parameter, as details of construction of a heat exchanger, the design of the water loop (material, open/closed system, blow down) have a significant influence on cleaning cycles. 
Vulcan reduces the process of fouling in a heat exchanger. The design of a heat exchanger and its hydrodynamic quality are responsible, how fast and how strong fouling take place in a heat exchanger. Tubular heat exchangers have in general a better hydrodynamic design, because mostly a laminar flow inside is achieved. The somewhat less expensive plate heat exchanger have due to the design, inside areas where there is less flow. In these areas with poorer flow, the fouling starts first and layers of calcium or other mineral start to build. Starting from these parts, the heat exchanger will start to close and finally has to be cleaned. Integrated heat exchangers (e.g. cooling in a motor) have very often an unfavorable flow characteristic and has to be cleaned most often. Vulcan is world wide, successfully used in many heat exchangers. The major applications are heat exchanger in cooling loops, heat exchanger for compressors, heat exchanger for cooling and air-conditioning systems, as well as integrated heat exchanger in mold forms, machines and motors.


7) District heating

District heating is used to heat buildings primarily in conurbations or areas in which large quantities of waste heat are available. Hot water or steam are provided by the power utility and are emitted to the building system via a heat exchanger. If untreated fresh water is heated in the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger, this may result in substantial scaling up in the heat exchanger. The scale is deposited and acts as an insulator so that heat exchange is far less efficient.

Vulcan reduces deposits in this heat exchanger, the efficiency increases and, in most cases, it is possible to dispense with costly servicing. In addition, corrosion is stopped, thus prolonging the service life of the heat exchanger.

4) Cooling towers

Cooling towers are used to cool cooling water using air. This involves a process of admitting water into the cooling tower at the top. It then flows downwards in the cooling tower, where it is collected and fed back into the cooling system. Water evaporates during this process. This evaporation then ensures additional cooling. Cooling towers scale up if untreated water is used.

Vulcan is used very successfully in certain cooling towers. Greater binding of the calcium carbonate to the water causes a substantial drop in scaling up of the cooling tower. This is important, above all, if baffle plates or fans are used. On one version of cooling towers, the effect of Vulcan is greatly reduced: on cooling towers on which the water is sprayed by means of spray balls. On these models, it is frequently the case that, owing to design reasons, no flowing water film occurs on the walls of the cooling tower. There are many small droplets, which evaporate directly. This results in a great deal of scale left behind. If there is no water stream flowing over such deposits, this scale may harden as if no treatment unit were fitted. The only way to establish this is by testing. Cooling towers scale up if untreated water is used.

Commercial application examples of Vulcan


1) Small and medium sized buildings: Appartment-Houses/ Small and Medium Hotels/ Hospitals

In all buildings and wherever hard water is running, an effective scale protection concept is inevitable. Typical problems in buildings are the diminishing pipe cross sections in all pipes. According to the size of the building, that can easily effect some hundreds of meters of pipes. What is easier to see are the wear of-effects and incrustations on all water outputs  such as tabs in toilets and bathrooms, tabs in kitchens, fountains, showers, etc.. As scale deposits are prone to form in heated areas, the whole heating system is usually effected. Vulcan scale protection systems have been used widely to solve these problems and thus help to save money on building maintenance and maintenance costs of appliances that are run with water.


2) Machine cooling in general

Heat, which needs to be dissipated, is produced in many machines when they operate. This heat is generally dissipated with cooling water. The cooling water is admitted into the various machine sections by solenoid valves. If untreated water is used, deposits frequently occur at all points. One first sign of this is generally that solenoid valves jam. So much scale has been deposited at these valves that they become difficult to move and, ultimately, no longer work at all. In addition, the cooling capacity of the machine drops appreciably and extensive servicing work is generally necessary on the machine.

Vulcan is used successfully on many machines. The maintenance intervals are generally prolonged appreciably and cooling is far more efficient than it was previously. Unfortunately, Vulcan does not have the same level of success on all machines. Frequently, the machines contain electric motors, which, in some cases, emit substantial electro smog. In some cases, these electrical fields are so strong that they reduce the effectiveness of the frequencies in the water and lessen the scale-reducing effect.


3) Sprinkler systems

Fire department regulations prescribe the use of sprinkler systems in large rooms or for installations at risk. Such sprinkler systems are intended to extinguish a fire as early as its incipient stage. The system is generally a separate pipe system installed on the ceiling of the rooms. Sprinklers, which emit water in the event of a fire, are located at certain intervals. There are various systems. The most widespread system is the wet-pipe sprinkler system which is constantly filled with water and which is at very high pressure. Hopefully, there will always be water in these pipe systems, apart from when testing and when carrying out servicing work. This standing water frequently leads to major corrosion and scaling in the pipe system. In the case of major damage, there is a risk of a great deal of scale and rust being detached if the sprinkler system trips, thus clogging the sprinkler nozzles. Another usage for the sprinkler systems can be found in various agricultural applications as well.

Many customers successfully in such applications use Vulcan. The scale and corrosion generally disappear after only a few weeks and the pipes are provided with a protective coating.


4) District heating

District heating is used to heat buildings primarily in conurbations or areas in which large quantities of waste heat are available. Hot water or steam are provided by the power utility and are emitted to the building system via a heat exchanger. If untreated fresh water is heated in the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger, this may result in substantial scaling up in the heat exchanger. The scale is deposited and acts as an insulator so that heat exchange is far less efficient.

Vulcan reduces deposits in this heat exchanger, the efficiency increases and, in most cases, it is possible to dispense with costly servicing. In addition, corrosion is stopped, thus prolonging the service life of the heat exchanger.



5) Manufacturing plants - e.g. paper manufacture

A great deal of water is required when manufacturing paper. This water is required, on the one hand, to prepare the cellulose and, on the other hand, for cooling the large machines. The water quality is very important as regards the quality of the paper. Thus, for instance, the surface tension of the water is one of the factors responsible for the homogeneous distribution of the paper fibers in the paper. The more uniformly the fibers are distributed, the higher will be the quality of the end product.

Vulcan has achieved great success in such cases. By reducing the surface tension, it is possible to appreciably enhance the homogeneity of the paper. One welcome side effect owing to the action of Vulcan on scale is that far less dirt adheres to the machine, thus greatly reducing maintenance effort.


6) Industrial ovens

Industrial ovens used to bake bread professionally incorporate what is called a vapor pipe. This vapor pipe is used to inject a certain quantity of water into the oven at the end of the baking process. If non-conditioned water is used for this, the calcium carbonate is deposited in large quantities as scale in this vapor pipe since temperatures of 200 °C or more frequently occur in the oven. We have heard of customers who have had to replace this vapor pipe several times per week. The process of replacing the pipe may take up to one hour, dependent on oven model.

Vulcan reduces this problem very greatly under normal conditions. Experience shows that, after the use of Vulcan, the interval at which the pipe needs to be replaced is far longer. Thus, if it was previously necessary to replace this pipe every week, it now suffices to replace the pipe once per month. In addition, the consistency of the scale in the vapor pipe is such that banging once on the pipe causes most of the scale to drop out of the pipe and it is possible to dispense with the use of aggressive chemicals.


7) Heat exchanger

Not only influence able parameter such as the water quality and temperature in a heat exchanger, are responsible for fouling or scaling inside a heat exchanger. As well not direct influence able parameter, as details of construction of a heat exchanger, the design of the water loop (material, open/closed system, blow down) have a significant influence on cleaning cycles. Vulcan reduces the process of fouling in a heat exchanger.

The design of a heat exchanger and its hydrodynamic quality are responsible, how fast and how strong fouling take place in a heat exchanger. Tubular heat exchangers have in general a better hydrodynamic design, because mostly a laminar flow inside is achieved. The somewhat less expensive plate heat exchanger have due to the design, inside areas where there is less flow. In these areas with poorer flow, the fouling starts first and layers of calcium or other mineral start to build. Starting from these parts, the heat exchanger will start to close and finally has to be cleaned. Integrated heat exchangers (e.g. cooling in a motor) have very often an unfavorable flow characteristic and has to be cleaned most often. Vulcan is world wide, successfully used in many heat exchangers. The major applications are heat exchanger in cooling loops, heat exchanger for compressors, heat exchanger for cooling and air-conditioning systems, as well as integrated heat exchanger in mold forms, machines and motors.

Solutions for industrial settings


1) Large buildings/ Skyscrapers

In all buildings and wherever hard water is running, an effective scale protection concept is inevitable. Typical problems in large buildings are the diminishing pipe cross sections in all pipes. According to the size of the building, that can easily effect some hundreds of meters of pipes. What is easier to see are the wear of-effects and incrustations on all water outputs  such as tabs in toilets and bathrooms, tabs in kitchens, fountains, showers, etc.. As scale deposits are prone to form in heated areas, the whole heating system is usually effected. Vulcan scale protection systems have been used widely to solve these problems and thus help to save money on building maintenance and maintenance costs of appliances that are run with water.


2) Machine cooling in general

Heat, which needs to be dissipated, is produced in many machines when they operate. This heat is generally dissipated with cooling water. The cooling water is admitted into the various machine sections by solenoid valves. If untreated water is used, deposits frequently occur at all points. One first sign of this is generally that solenoid valves jam. So much scale has been deposited at these valves that they become difficult to move and, ultimately, no longer work at all. In addition, the cooling capacity of the machine drops appreciably and extensive servicing work is generally necessary on the machine.

Vulcan is used successfully on many machines. The maintenance intervals are generally prolonged appreciably and cooling is far more efficient than it was previously. Unfortunately, Vulcan does not have the same level of success on all machines. Frequently, the machines contain electric motors, which, in some cases, emit substantial electro smog. In some cases, these electrical fields are so strong that they reduce the effectiveness of the frequencies in the water and lessen the scale-reducing effect.


3) Sprinkler systems

Fire department regulations prescribe the use of sprinkler systems in large rooms or for installations at risk. Such sprinkler systems are intended to extinguish a fire as early as its incipient stage. The system is generally a separate pipe system installed on the ceiling of the rooms. Sprinklers, which emit water in the event of a fire, are located at certain intervals. There are various systems. The most widespread system is the wet-pipe sprinkler system which is constantly filled with water and which is at very high pressure. Hopefully, there will always be water in these pipe systems, apart from when testing and when carrying out servicing work. This standing water frequently leads to major corrosion and scaling in the pipe system. In the case of major damage, there is a risk of a great deal of scale and rust being detached if the sprinkler system trips, thus clogging the sprinkler nozzles. Another usage for the sprinkler systems can be found in various agricultural applications as well.

Many customers successfully in such applications use Vulcan. The scale and corrosion generally disappear after only a few weeks and the pipes are provided with a protective coating.


4) District heating

District heating is used to heat buildings primarily in conurbations or areas in which large quantities of waste heat are available. Hot water or steam are provided by the power utility and are emitted to the building system via a heat exchanger. If untreated fresh water is heated in the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger, this may result in substantial scaling up in the heat exchanger. The scale is deposited and acts as an insulator so that heat exchange is far less efficient.

Vulcan reduces deposits in this heat exchanger, the efficiency increases and, in most cases, it is possible to dispense with costly servicing. In addition, corrosion is stopped, thus prolonging the service life of the heat exchanger.



5) Manufacturing plants - e.g. paper manufacture

A great deal of water is required when manufacturing paper. This water is required, on the one hand, to prepare the cellulose and, on the other hand, for cooling the large machines. The water quality is very important as regards the quality of the paper. Thus, for instance, the surface tension of the water is one of the factors responsible for the homogeneous distribution of the paper fibers in the paper. The more uniformly the fibers are distributed, the higher will be the quality of the end product.

Vulcan has achieved great success in such cases. By reducing the surface tension, it is possible to appreciably enhance the homogeneity of the paper. One welcome side effect owing to the action of Vulcan on scale is that far less dirt adheres to the machine, thus greatly reducing maintenance effort.


6) Industrial ovens

Industrial ovens used to bake bread professionally incorporate what is called a vapor pipe. This vapor pipe is used to inject a certain quantity of water into the oven at the end of the baking process. If non-conditioned water is used for this, the calcium carbonate is deposited in large quantities as scale in this vapor pipe since temperatures of 200 °C or more frequently occur in the oven. We have heard of customers who have had to replace this vapor pipe several times per week. The process of replacing the pipe may take up to one hour, dependent on oven model.

Vulcan reduces this problem very greatly under normal conditions. Experience shows that, after the use of Vulcan, the interval at which the pipe needs to be replaced is far longer. Thus, if it was previously necessary to replace this pipe every week, it now suffices to replace the pipe once per month. In addition, the consistency of the scale in the vapor pipe is such that banging once on the pipe causes most of the scale to drop out of the pipe and it is possible to dispense with the use of aggressive chemicals.


7) Heat exchanger

Not only influence able parameter such as the water quality and temperature in a heat exchanger, are responsible for fouling or scaling inside a heat exchanger. As well not direct influence able parameter, as details of construction of a heat exchanger, the design of the water loop (material, open/closed system, blow down) have a significant influence on cleaning cycles. Vulcan reduces the process of fouling in a heat exchanger.

The design of a heat exchanger and its hydrodynamic quality are responsible, how fast and how strong fouling take place in a heat exchanger. Tubular heat exchangers have in general a better hydrodynamic design, because mostly a laminar flow inside is achieved. The somewhat less expensive plate heat exchanger have due to the design, inside areas where there is less flow. In these areas with poorer flow, the fouling starts first and layers of calcium or other mineral start to build. Starting from these parts, the heat exchanger will start to close and finally has to be cleaned. Integrated heat exchangers (e.g. cooling in a motor) have very often an unfavorable flow characteristic and has to be cleaned most often. Vulcan is world wide, successfully used in many heat exchangers. The major applications are heat exchanger in cooling loops, heat exchanger for compressors, heat exchanger for cooling and air-conditioning systems, as well as integrated heat exchanger in mold forms, machines and motors.